Oslo Peace Agreement
Oslo I also set the agenda for the follow-up agreement, which became known as Oslo II, which would include a discussion on the future government of the city of Jerusalem (both sides claim it as their respective capitals), as well as on issues of borders, security and rights, if any, Israeli settlers in the West Bank. Barak then focused on Syria. In January 2000, Israeli, Syrian and American delegations met in West Virginia for peace talks. These negotiations failed when Barak refused to reaffirm Rabin`s promise to retreat to the line of June 4, 1967, arguing that none of the concessions offered by the Syrian delegation in return could be considered definitive because Syrian President Hafez al-Asad was absent. A subsequent meeting between Clinton and Assad in Geneva did not lead to an Israeli-Syrian agreement. Barak then unilaterally withdrew Israeli forces from Lebanon and returned to the Palestinian trail. At the Prime Minister`s insistence, Clinton convened a summit at Camp David in July 2000, where he, Barak and Arafat attempted to reach a final agreement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip. There are different accounts of the reasons for the failure of Camp David, but it is clear that despite Barak`s additional concessions, Israelis and Palestinians were sharply divided over borders, Jerusalem and whether Israel would recognize the “right of return” of Palestinian refugees. The summit ended without an agreement; Clinton would blame Arafat for his failure. Gradually, in the fall and winter of 1993-94, King Hussein and his brother Crown Prince Hassan bin Talal realized that the Israeli-Palestinian talks were indeed an excellent opportunity for Jordan.
Hassan was to be the king`s closest adviser in talks with Rabin and Halevy. Jordan had long held back on a peace treaty with Israel because it did not want to stand in front of the Palestinians. He did not want a separate treaty with Israel, as President Anwar Sadat had done for Egypt. But now Arafat was holding direct talks with the Israelis to reach a peace agreement: Jordan would not be alone. Even the Syrians engaged with Israel through the Americans. Jordan was free to negotiate a peace treaty with Israel after decades of clandestine contacts by Hussein`s grandfather, King Abdullah, without fear of a reaction from other Arabs. On the 13th. In September 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) negotiator Mahmoud Abbas signed a policy statement at the White House on provisional self-government agreements, commonly known as the “Oslo Accords.” Israel accepted the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians, and the PLO renounced terrorism and recognized Israel`s right to exist in peace. The two sides agreed that a Palestinian Authority (PA) would be established and assume government responsibility in the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period.
Then there would be discussions on permanent status on the issues of borders, refugees and Jerusalem. Although President Bill Clinton`s administration has played a limited role in implementing the Oslo Accords, it would invest a lot of time and resources to help Israel and the Palestinians implement the agreement. By the time Clinton stepped down, however, the peace process had stalled and a new wave of Israeli-Palestinian violence had begun. Negotiations on the final status of outstanding issues will begin no later than May 1996 (two years after the signing of the Gaza-Jericho Agreement; Oslo I, Article V) and before May 1999 (end of the 5-year transitional period). A peace treaty would end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. During the second intifada, the road map for peace was introduced, which explicitly aimed at a two-State solution and the establishment of an independent Palestinian State. However, the roadmap quickly entered a cycle similar to the Oslo process, but without reaching an agreement. While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright,[24] Netanyahu continued to build existing Israeli settlements,[25] and presented plans for the construction of a new neighborhood, Har Homa, in East Jerusalem. However, it was far from the level of the Shamir government of 1991-92 and refrained from building new settlements, although the Oslo Accords do not provide for such a ban. [24] Housing construction before Oslo: 1991-92: 13,960, after Oslo: 1994-95: 3,840, 1996-1997: 3,570. [26] However, the Oslo Accords have not yet led to a lasting peace – and their overall impact is still under discussion. The stated objectives of the Oslo Accords included Palestinian interim autonomy (not the Palestinian Authority, but the Palestinian Legislative Council)[10] and a lasting solution to unresolved issues within five years on the basis of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338.
Although the agreements recognize the “legitimate and political rights” of the Palestinians, they remain silent about their fate after the transition period. The Oslo Accords do not define the nature of Palestinian autonomy after Oslo and its powers and responsibilities, nor the boundaries of the territory it would eventually govern. They also called for the establishment of a Palestinian state in the area known as Gaza and on the west bank of the Jordan River. However, because Palestinians were not represented at talks held at US President Jimmy Carter`s campaign residence, the resulting deal was not officially recognized by the United Nations. On the Israeli-Syrian path, the government has been more vigorous, but with few results. Clinton, Secretary of State Warren Christopher, and Special Coordinator for the Middle East Dennis Ross sought to build on Rabin`s August 1993 promise to withdraw completely from the Golan if Syria agreed to full peace and the necessary security arrangements. Until 1994, these talks on the various definitions of the “complete withdrawal” of Israel and Syria were at a standstill. The Syrians insisted that the Israelis follow the line of “4. June 1967” while they had checked a land pocket on the northeast coast of the Sea of Galilee, Israel`s main source of water. The Israelis wanted to retreat to the international border of 1923, which would have left the Sea of Galilee under their sovereignty.
In July this year, Rabin Christopher hinted that Israel would withdraw to the June 4 line if Syria met its other needs, paving the way for talks between Israeli and Syrian military officers. However, these negotiations eventually got bogged down over whether Israel could maintain early warning stations on the Golan, and also became politically controversial in Israel. Rabin therefore decided to suspend it until after the 1996 elections in Israel. The Americans wanted it in Washington. They had Jordan`s wish list filled, but wanted the dramatic public images to be in their capital. .
- Posted by adriel
- On March 20, 2022
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